Arch.



AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA n.. 24, nos.

Pin'd May 6, 1913.

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a .5' 7 7 .55 wg@ Mfr? H4919 6,5 22,0%, en www D. B. LUTEN.

ARCH.

Arrmouxou rILnn 11.24. xeon.

Patented M 1918.

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s'rAtrEs PA B. LUTEN, F INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA.

ABGB.A

Specification of Lettori Patent.

Application tiled April 24, 1905. Berial No. 257,166.

To all whom z't may concern:

Be it know citizen of the n that I, DANIEL B. LU'reN, a United States, residing at Indianapolis, in the county of Marion and State of Indi efiil Improvement in the followin act description, accompanying drawing,

cation.

lication filed by me of even date erial No. 257,165, I have shown this speci In an ap herewith,

have invented a new and Arches, of which is a full, clear, concise, and exreference being had to the forming a part of ana,

and described an arch structure, consisting of double drums sepprated by an annular space or chamber w material and ereby an economy of labor is secured.

The present invention also relates to such double drum among other things in im by the bearing surfaces arch may be increased and back from the bank excessive material, by the eures set up arch structures and consists rovements whereor the ends of the y extended well of the stream without whereby the earth presthrust of ,gach drum are successfully resisted, and-whereby a pleasing il. w ole.

claims.

pearance is given to the structure as a and advantages will apdetailed description and In carrying out the invention, an inner rib or drum 1s erected havin abutment support at eac member bearing against ment and with an extension downward aord `sugport and to ermining. This elliptical to give a pleasin the end of the structure.

from un ment is then secure a good per rib or dr vation being dling drum is then ing the inner preferably for its end an extended the solid embankt0 prevent the stream drum may ap earance to e so id embankexcavated far enough back to bearing for the ends of the upum, the earth from this excafilled over the inner drum to for the upper or outer drum,

labor and room in hanlaid on the said filling coverdrum. These drums and extensions thereof may be joined in various ways by ribs,

bers embedded as it may drums are preferably panded footings.

ing,

thrust of the solid embank ties, struts, or any other memin the earth filling or stuffbe termed. 'The ends of the provided with ex- Bl this arrangement, the inner rum is resisted by the ment against which it has a 'abutments and bearin large bearinv surface, and also supplorts the vertical loa in The thrust of t e outer drum is resist'ed by the footin in the solid embankment undisturbed by te excavation for the inner drum, and may be carried well back from the bank of the stream without excessive material. The outer drum prevents the earth from yielding under pressure of the inner drum thrust while the outer drum transmits the vertical loading into pressures on' the earth embankment back of the inner drum, thereby inducing pressures which resist the thrust of the inner drum. This type of structure possesses the advantages of requiring only a light centering or form for the inner drum, which in turn serves as a support and, together with the filling, as a, center or form for the outer drum,land resu'lts in the Savin of the inecient material at the center o the arch rib. While the inner drum is preferably cylindrical, the outer may be of any form desired, as cylindrical, warped, conical, or any non-developable or non-cylindrical form.

Referring 'to the accompanying drawing` Fi re 1 is a longitudinal sectional View of a ouble drum arch taken on the center 'line 2. Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional h the center of Fig. 1, and, at of this figure.

of F ig. view taken, at the left, throu this arch on the line 2--2 o the right, on the line 2*--2 Fig. 3, is a loi .itudinal sectional view taken through the center of a similar double arch having a wa ed outer drum; Fig. 4, is a transverse sectional view on' the line H, of Fig. 8; Fig. 5 is a similar view on the line 5 5, of said Fi 8;'Fi 6, is also a transverse sectional v ew on t eline 66 of Fig. 3:, Fig. 7., is' a rear end view of the' arch uncovered; Fig. 8, is" a transverse sectional view of a md ilied forni of arch in which the extrados are two cones, and Fi 9, is a sectional view showing the metho of constructinp; the warped drum and filled spandre In the construction of this type of arch, a light inner drum 2 of concrete is erected upon a suitable center or form of the usual or desired kind, the ends of the drums teminating in the vertical members 8 forming at their outer faces 4 against the solid em ankment 5, the said outen faces being preferably formed as shown to afford a suitable bearing against the vsaid embankment. This inner drum may be of elliptical form to furnish a leastiti Siti

, for the inner drum and its abutmentor member 3. The earth taken from this exf cavation for this outer drum may be filled in over the inner'drum to provide Va form for the said outer drum, 'thus readily disposing of the same, such material. Ibeing tamped and rounded to lace it in conditionV to serve as such form. he'ends of these extensions of the outer ,drum are rovided with expanded footiii s.10to provide, good bearing. surfaces. Li rewise the lower ends of the abutments 3 may have expanded foot'- ings 11 for the 'same rpurpose. The roadway 12 over the outer drum 1s suitably llledin, and the two drums are preferably joined by intermediate vertical webs 14 extending throughout thelength of the structure, the rear end of the same being indicated in Flg.

the dottedl line 15.

1 a he edges of the drums may be connected by light spandx'el walls 16 as indicated at the lea in Fig. a; said mais being buia up with the usual facin or form upon the outer side and with t eearth'filling at the back in lace of the usual wooden form. This met .od of construction is explained more fully hereinafter in connection with description of Fig. 9.' The ortion of the spandrel 17, above'the outer drum may be made of the usual thickness to form a solid and strong retaining wall, the usual wooden forms being used on each face, and sufficient room being provided between them for the men to work in building the same.. At the right in said Fig. 2, a hollow or earth filled spandrel wall is shown, the outer walfl-18 correspondin to the portion 16 at theoppo-V' site end o the" arch 'andl servingv to connect the two drums, and being extended above the outer drum to form the face wall of the said spandrel. An inner' wall 19 for said (portion 'above'the outer drum is erected an the space betweenjthese` portions is preferably filled with "earth which may form the back for the' concrete' as the said walls are built up. A 'suitable footing 20 'may be provided or the' endy'of the spandrel'wa-ll. In Fi .12, lat thegright the slope of the earth is in ic'ated by the line 21. Any other materialfthan the fmaterial The une tween the drums, but such excavated tetidliforms the chefapest and most readily agplied form or center forthe outer drum. 'l Iththis arran ement it will be observed '-l'tliilit #Hefthrust o 'th'einner drum is resisted 'ythe solid embankment against which 1t 'l' as great bearing surface, and the thrust ot L"the outer drum 1s resisted b the solid. footwiiigti'l-.lthe'embankment un istubed by the excavation for the inner drum, and such footings forthe outer drum may be back far l,enough from the bank of .the `stream to aflford a good bearin without employing excessive'material. his .louter drum prevents the earth from yielding finder the pressure 80 of the inner drum and transmits the vertical loading into rcssures on the earth embank ment back ci) the inner drum. A form oi archis thus provided without excessive exense for material, and one which obtains its support from the embankment', thus dis.- 'pensing with either heavy masonry abutments or an excessive .amount of material in the arch itself. -V l If the struct-ure thus described is ,designed with the pro )er proportoninlgr of the annular space etween the drums and the thickness of tlie drums, reinforcement will be unnecessary. HoweverP it lmay be desired to reinforce lsuch anA arch, and.tary,imventioi-iI 95 contemplates the additicaot such-treintena?! m ments 1f the same be.tl'esivetlt 'thav-,eaintlinf cated in the drawingfon'e.anetlladznnfiheinfu forcement which consistsl ilnuplaeingeteiusifonq rods throughout the structurele' vf pasaba' .100 continuously fromsi'de togsidiero .-ltlaeaaic f 'e rib through the regions 'of tension.; {,llhus. these two 'drums are reinforced by' tensionl members preferably in `the. formz of rods arranged in any desired manner, the rodeados 22,' 23.and '24'being embedded in the inner fl drum at the cr wn and-inthe@ ,ten-druimt the haunches and crossing the c ambambes.-I tween the drums at' about.. the.-.shearingasec.-i' tion or regions 'of miningpmf-hend-in unna-..110 ment and preferablythroughuthc -ri 114er. i; Additional tension rodsul. we lecatedfin'the, lower drum,.centrall at the cnoivnfand high:P at the haunches an thenceqpas'si'ng downadjacent to the oute face vo theportion` 4.115 of ,said drum. Theserodsare referablyi bent or'hooked at their .endsstfa ord sesam. anchorage in the concretefliiImF-ig 2SIthavam indicate tension rods",fltvptiesmgeahans-n versely through the lowerdrum andzthe'ncerlZO verticallyfin the spandrel'wa1lm1am1d am .at wh'ere theymayl be suitablyA hooked to: other: l rods passing longitudinally@throughs than, said. 'spandrel wal At the right of.-said,n 1 F-ig.; 2i othertransverse rods 27 are shown 126 .pas'suig'l throughtbe outer drum 8, thence throug the wall 19 o'f the spandrel to where they 'ma lbe'hooked around longitudinal,

excavated may obviously be 'employed be? rods; an otherrods 28 ass over'the'to ,ntie lthe 'spandrel and down througirrthewal e181 180 goed bearin These -rods may be arranged in any desired manner. The two drums may be Joined to` gether by struts at various points or by connecting members extending longitudinally or transversely throughout the structure and which inav serve to divide the chamber between the drums into various compartments.

In Figs. 3 to 7 inclusive, an arch having an' iipper warped drum provided -with extended footings is illustrated. The lower drum 2' is substantially the same as in Fig. l, but the endsare formed somewhat di'ercntly and are beveled .as at 30 to provide a surface a nient while t e extende footing forms the projection 31 which may serve as a support ior the forms or centering. The outer drum 8, resembles a shoe-horn in form, and as indicated in Fig. 3, is extended beyond the end of the lower drum tond an independent festin in the embankment. The extreme end o this drum is provided with an enierged or extended footing, 10, as in the case of the structure of Figs. 1 and 2. While this outer drum may take any formdesired have shown the outer end slightly turn up so that the thrust tends to buckle it downwardly; and to resist this tendency a strut 32 is rovided between this portion ,of the outer rum and the inner druml means of vwhich y thethrust is transmittedto someextent. to the inner drum. This strut may be continuous-across the arch or consist ci a plurality of single the upper'ed eofthe waifped drum is indif cat-ed b `l the ine 33, 84 in icating theupper edge o the spandrel. The dotted line 85 indicatesfthe end of the spandrel wall, and the curved dotted line between the enda'of the two drums indicates the end of the ribs extending throughout the structure between the two drums. 'A 'pluralit of ver-.

tical intersecting ribs 87 are provi ed which may extend continuously from end to end et the arch, but refera ly extend only between the dotted inea 88 and 39, or through the shearing section of the arch. A single strut 40 is indicated in Fi 8, or it may entend continuously across t 'e arch. These struts and ribs may be arran ed in anydeaired manner and may extend continuously or openly across the arch. After the outer drum is completed, the filling for 'the-road-V ainst the embankl 'retaining or spandrel wall.

struts.. In Fig-fg.

`filled s'pandrel may be rovidedfo an drei and also the ends of any-,interina iste- A facing board 43 maintained at the desired distance from the front facing 42, is raised Agradually by the loops 44 between which ard and the facin the concrete is first thrown.` The earth lling is then rounded ci after Vbeing tam ed to provide va mold for the material for t e upper drum, which is then placed thereon and suitably tamped. Obviously a fill of any granular material that can be readily molded to the desired form is to be preferred; By granular fill I meana filling of sand, gravel, cinders earth or similar ranular material or which supplies equiva ent passive resistances. By this vided since it is unnecessary to furnish room between the board 43 and the facing 42 for men to work as is the case with the usual The outer edge of the upper drum sustains said wall since they are connected together. The upper ed of the retaining wall is thickened as is in 'cated in Figs. 4 to 7. AIn' Fig. 7 the upper dotted line indicates the roadway w ile the curve at the crown is shownby the full line 45. The line 46 indicates the upper edge of the expanded footing of the outer drum, while the lower edge 46|` of said drum indicates that it is also extended down' wardly, the latter Ifeature not being indithe dotted 'lines 47, in this curve of the outer drum at outer edge ofthe end ci said'footing. The

be provided with footthe-spandrel may ings 48 and 49.

, As is'indic'ate'd at the right 9, a r t e side of the. arch, ,'by buil ing the inner and outer rw'alls'O and 51, the latter extending from the innei drum to the top of the spandrel, while the former reaches from the outer drum -to the railin 'or up er edge of the sandrel. Facing cards 2 are employe to guide the concrete and age the depth of the wall while the earth fi ing and concrete are filled in and tamped at the same time.

In Fig. 8 a modification ofthe outer arch is shown which in this instance consists of the conical layers of concrete 53 and 54, the section at the left bein taken at the crown, and that at the rig t at the haunches. Other-curves and forms may be given to the outer drum; in fact, any non-cylindrical fprm. would embody more or less the principles and advantages of -my invention. Tension members in the form of rods or other well known forms mayA be supplied, those shown at 55, 56 and 57 crossing vfrom the upper drum at thehaunches to the lower drum at the crown, and crossing at different'longitudinal points preferably through thefribs at the shearin region. lier rods, auch as 58, may be csed in the lower drum either low at the crown or as shown,

.means a light retaining wall may be prolil@ mit

litt) v nomically constructe Havin Y .l .l ,.ll, 11; and hih rat the haunchesand\then curving' aroun near the 'face30..of thefendof the arch and being hooked-,.toi ,provideecure anchorage. Transverse rodsnare indicated"l in the various sectional views 'and'.may" pass- 2 not only vthrough -the'two drums, but also through the-spandrel walls and the vertical ribs; or Astruts 40. In' factI such reinforcemen't may be utilized in any way desired.

it is apparent that anarch of this character is much stronger thanone Twithcylin-V drical drums only, and in view of the earth filling as a moldgma'. be readily and eco.

.Other methods 'of constructing the upper drum ma obviously be employed as 'for. instance, 'y erecting;` timber scaffolding upon the lower, druml and the earth if used as a form 4may be later 'withdrawn in any desired manner, as. by leaving-suitable apertures in the drums -so thatwater could-be introduced to washout the earth. Likewi n the, earth lling' fon the roadway may obviously be replaced by suitable superstructure so. far as lthe broad features .ofthe inyention are concerned. 1 far' as some features of `the invention are concerned, also, the drums er either of'them,v may he non-continuous, that is, they may' consist of separate ribs side by side similar to he upper and lower flanges .ofasteelu RFC.

Gaither and various modifications and changes may be made and still ycome within the broad scope and principle of the invention', I

thus ydescribed my invention, Ic ai is; l

. granular mass pro]ecting .between of the drums,A whereby the thrust oictheiarchI through said drums to the-1j }supported"on footin r 'with'leids extended ack ,the innerdrum and separated lfrom.:thenijlpy aas-magen .of the embankment, a

12?'. Aiconcrete archv comp '-dosalfand an extradosaldrum, supported at each end upon foetings and separated by a` filling of Granular material extending 'be tween and separating the correspo'ndimgi;`I

footings of both drums.

3. Anarch having an inner drum and outerdrum, the ends of the outer drum being extended-beyond the inner drum and having an independent' footing, substanf tialy as described. gradually diverging drums embracing a is transmitted granular mass; f 5. An arch comprisingdiver ng com-A An arch comprising a pluralityv 'of the ends i ressionmembers of hardened -p astic'emi racing a' granular mass extending) between the-endsfof the. diverging mem ersl and forming part of the supportingy foundations Vfor the arch, whereby t ie thrust of the arch -is transmitted through the said fnembers to" the granular mass and thus to the support# ing granular foundations.

' n witness whereof, I have hereunto subscribed .my name in the presence of' two' witnesses.

i DANIEL B.'LUTEN.A

' -Witnesses A f J.. C. S'rUcKEN anno,

I llQAnl arc Qepl'ca-ot'tlilapatcnt may lie-obtained for comprising an innerdrunil;v

Wir. .Denain ive centi each, by. addressing the Commissioner oi iatents, Washington, D. 0." 

